Costa Rica Wildlife Rescue
Project Summary
Due to the high demand for holiday homes and hotels, there has been rapid development in recent years, particularly in coastal areas of Costa Rica’s Guanacaste province. As developments expand and encroach into natural habitats, instances of human wildlife conflict continue to rise. Over the last decade, we have seen a persistent year-on-year increase in animals arriving at our centre in need care. Their injuries can be due to electrocutions on uninsulated power lines, domestic animal attacks, procedures from the illegal pet trade and more recently wildfires.
At our Wildlife Rescue and Education Center in Nosara, on Costa Rica’s Pacific West Coast, we give injured and orphaned animals a second chance at life. From tiny, vulnerable howler monkeys to endangered sea turtles, every life we save matters.
Local Partner: IAR Costa Rica
Project aims and impact:
The Full Story
Prior to IAR commencing work in Nosara, Costa Rica in 2017, a wonderful project known as ‘Refuge For Wildlife’ had been operating for almost 20 years. This project was started by Brenda Bombard who recognized the need to help and protect orphaned infant howler monkeys that were victims of electrocution.
Brenda was keen to see the project progress in a sustainable manner and recognized the need for a new wildlife rescue center to maximize the chances of survival for the rehabilitated animals. IAR was able to bring veterinary expertise and funding to complement the work that Brenda and the Refuge For Wildlife team were doing. In 2020 the project transitioned to the new IAR Costa Rica foundation, where Brenda still supports the team from the board.
Finally, in late 2023, the dream was realized and the whole program was able to move to the brand-new purpose-built Sir Michael Uren Wildlife Rescue & Education Center in Nosara.
Our center in Nosara, Costa Rica cares for a huge array of wildlife. From parrots, to turtles, to howler monkeys, we have cared for over 130 different species to date. Rapid economic development and a substantial increase in tourism has disrupted the connectivity of the landscape through land degradation and habitat fragmentation, which poses a serious threat to Costa Rica’s wildlife.
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
| Total number of rescue calls (all species) | 283 | 336 | 426 | 615 | 803 | 1119 | 1095 | 833 |
| Total brought to IAR Rescue Center | 184 | 256 | 282 | 321 | 380 | 454 | 404 | 480 |
| Total howler monkey rescue calls | 165 | 160 | 194 | 214 | 206 | 255 | 212 | 221 |
| Total howler monkey electrocutions | 114 | 93 | 102 | 126 | 113 | 134 | 134 | 95 |
Threats Facing Costa Rican Wildlife
Uninsulated power cables are one of the biggest threats facing wildlife in Costa Rica. Every day, our rescue centre receives wildlife, primarily howler monkeys, suffering severe, often fatal burns after mistaking these deadly cables for tree branches while navigating their fragmented habitats. The injuries we see are heartbreaking.
Most electrocutions occur in rural areas. Sadly, the monkeys don’t know the difference between electrical wires and natural vines and will often travel across wires to get to feeding grounds. This is a particularly serious issue in areas of deforestation where monkeys have no choice but to travel on the wires.
A monkey only has to touch two live wires to be electrocuted. However, the main problem is caused by the high voltage electrical transformers attached to the wires. The monkeys travel along the wires in search of food but eventually have to cross a transformer to reach the wire on the other side. The transformers are extremely dangerous - many parts of them can deliver a deadly jolt of electricity to anything that touches them.
Most of the howler monkeys that survive electrical burns are infants that were clinging to their mothers when they were electrocuted. The mother absorbs most of the current while the babies suffer burns on their hands, tail and any other body part in direct contact with her. Some are lucky enough to escape with only minor burns.
The illegal wildlife trade devastates animals, tearing them away from their natural habitats and transforming their lives for the worse. These animals that come into our care, are no longer wild. They are unnaturally domesticated, possessing complicated behavioral problems and in some cases even mutilated, to make them less dangerous to handle! We receive many species of reptiles, birds and mammals that sadly were kept illegally as pets, all in need of specialist care from our team of vets and keepers.
In some cases it’s so serious, that it makes it impossible to release the animals back into the wild, meaning they need a lifetime of sanctuary care.
One victim of the illegal wildlife trade is Paco the orange chinned parakeet. This parakeet was mutilated for “safety reasons” - as you can see below, poor Paco is missing the tip of his beak. This is done to prevent him from biting his “owners” whilst he gets used to being handled. Sadly, this cruelty inflicted on exotic animals is a very common once they become pets. Parakeet beaks are essential for their survival in the wild; it allows them to hold on to food, gives them balance, it’s also used for grooming, eating and defending themselves.
More recently we have seen wildfires become a more prominent threat to Costa Rica’s wildlife. Hot and dry conditions, often worsened by climate change and climate patterns like El Niño, create the perfect environment for fires to spread—many of which are caused by human activity, including bonfires and land clearing. These fires not only destroy precious habitat but also leave animals severely injured, orphaned, or displaced.
When fires break out, our team works tirelessly to rescue animals in desperate need. Many arrive at our centre with severe burns, dehydration, and life-threatening injuries. Rescuing, treating, and rehabilitating these animals is a long and costly process—but it’s the only chance they have for survival.
Ricardo the raccoon is one of many animals who have suffered because of human-caused wildfires. He once lived peacefully in the wild with his mother, but their home was engulfed in flames when farmland was deliberately set alight. Ricardo survived, but he was left orphaned and badly burned. When he arrived at our center, he was terrified and in pain—his fur singed, and melted plastic fused to his skin, a haunting reminder of the intensity of the fire.
Tragically, some of the wildlife injuries we encounter are the result of entirely preventable attacks by domestic animals, such as dogs and cats. These injuries can be severe, requiring expert medical care and rehabilitation to give the animals the best chance of survival.
In particular, we have seen sea turtles suffering attacks from unsupervised dogs in protected coastal areas where regulations prohibit pets to safeguard biodiversity. When these rules are ignored, vulnerable wildlife is put at risk—not only from direct attacks but also from the destruction of nests and habitats.
Our team has responded to multiple cases where injured turtles required urgent medical intervention. Despite our best efforts, many of these animals do not survive their injuries. These preventable incidents take a significant emotional toll on our rescue team, who work tirelessly to protect and rehabilitate wildlife.
Every loss is a stark reminder of the importance of responsible pet ownership and the need for stricter enforcement of conservation regulations. By keeping domestic animals under control and respecting protected areas, we can prevent unnecessary suffering and help safeguard our precious wildlife.